A key constraint hindering the development of the energy sector is limited finance. In addition to the economic costs of constructing dams, there is the social and environmental cost to consider. The construction of ne...

Access to electricity is one of East Africa’s key constraints. In the majority of the subregion, less than 20 per cent of the population has access to electricity (UNEP, 2014). Firewood and charcoal remain the most com...

The main domestic sources of electricity generation in the region are lignite and hydropower. Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, FYR Macedonia and Kosovo depend mainly on lignite (coal)-fired thermal hydropower plants for e...

Primary energy supplies in the three countries vary according to their access to fossil fuels and water resources.16 Georgia relies on imported gas and oil, but also have renewable energy such as hydropower for electrici...

Emerging policies and actions aim to increase the efficiency of energy production and consumption, and to promote a transition to low or zero-carbon energy sources. These policies, which are clearly relevant to climate c...

Renewable energy provides a significant share of the region’s energy and is higher than the EU-27 average (EEA, 2008). Almost all of the renewable energy comes from large hydropower plants; wind, solar and geothermal sou...

Renewable energy provides a significant share of the region’s energy and is higher than the EU-27 average (EEA, 2008). Almost all of the renewable energy comes from large hydropower plants; wind, solar and geothermal sou...

Renewable energy provides a significant share of the region’s energy and is higher than the EU-27 average (EEA, 2008). Almost all of the renewable energy comes from large hydropower plants; wind, solar and geothermal sou...

The ratio is expressed in fractional shares of hydrogen and carbon in average primary energy consumed.

The figure on the left shows historical consumption from 1900 to 2009 and the GEA scenario’s projections for the period 2010 to 2050. The figure on the right shows global carbon dioxide emissions, both historical since 1...

Expressed in fractional market shares.

The use of solid fuels for cooking and heating continues in developed countries but is concentrated in the developing world, primarily in Africa and South Asia. These fuels are often the main source of household energy i...

The active trade and distribution of oil and gas in the Mediterranean Basin, both on land and at sea, involves an extensive network of crude oil pipelines and gas line systems, mainly in the countries of production, link...

Energy eciency in Asia selected countries

Energy access is a primer for any type economic development. Nowhere is energy access a greater challenge than in areas and regions where the population lives in poverty. As illustrated, bioenergy can deliver considerabl...

Studies indicate that global bioenergy use is approximately 10 percent of the global energy mix, with a growth rate of 1.3 percent per year. Future projections for the supply of bioenergy are shown in the figure. The ana...

Over the past few years a small energy revolution has taken place in the village of Bot Trang in northwest Cambodia. Bot Trang is not on Cambodia’s national grid: in the old days Mr. Tham Bun Hak, a local farmer, would s...

Gains and losses in forest area vary globally, and the impact divers greatly between the various crops used for biofuels. Forest-cover is enhanced through aorestation or by natural expansion, and reduced either by defor...

Biofuels have been criticised for causing food insecurity, but many other factors often play a far more significant role than biofuels. But rapid, largescale growth in biofuel production without sufficient safeguards doe...

This figure outlines possible scenarios for the impact of biofuels on agricultural prices and food security. Although there are several factors that affect agricultural prices, including seasonal variation, market spe...